ACT vs. SAT: Key Differences, Similarities, and Upcoming Updates
As high school students prepare for college admissions, they often face the critical decision of choosing between the ACT and the SAT. Though both tests assess college readiness, they differ notably in structure, content, scoring, and recent updates that will take effect in 2025. Understanding these differences and how they may impact your child’s performance can be vital in making an informed decision.
Test Structure and Content
ACT Overview:
The ACT consists of four main sections:
English (75 questions, 45 minutes): Focuses on grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills.
Mathematics (60 questions, 60 minutes): Covers algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.
Reading (40 questions, 35 minutes): Assesses reading comprehension through passages sourced from literature, social studies, and natural sciences.
Science (40 questions, 35 minutes): This section is optional. It evaluates interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and scientific reasoning skills using data and research scenarios.
Recent ACT Updates:
Digital Test Option: The ACT has transitioned to a digital format at select testing locations, enhancing flexibility and improving the testing experience.
Science Section Changes: Since April 2025 for online tests and since September 2025 for paper tests, the ACT Science section has become optional. Students can choose to take the ACT without this section, with their composite score based solely on English, Math, and Reading scores. However, some colleges and scholarship programs may still require the Science section, so students should confirm requirements with prospective institutions before opting out.
Revised Scoring: The shift to digital testing will include adjustments to the scoring system, potentially altering how performance is evaluated.
SAT Overview:
The SAT differs in structure, comprising three main sections:
Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, which includes:
Reading (52 questions, 65 minutes): Tests comprehension across a range of text types.
Writing & Language (44 questions, 35 minutes): Focuses on grammar and sentence structure in context.
Mathematics (58 questions, 80 minutes): Offers a mix of questions with and without a calculator, emphasizing critical thinking and problem-solving.
Notably, the SAT does not have a separate Science section. Instead, science reasoning is integrated across the Reading and Math sections, reflecting its application in real-world contexts.
Recent SAT Updates:
Digital Format Transition: Since the beginning of this year, the SAT has shifted to an entirely digital assessment, enabling more streamlined testing and quicker score reporting—students will receive their scores on test day.
Shorter Duration: The SAT has been reduced to approximately 2 hours, making it less burdensome while still accurately assessing college readiness.
Integration of Real-World Skills: The redesigned SAT emphasizes practical knowledge, better preparing students for the demands of college and careers.
Scoring Systems
The ACT is scored on a scale from 1 to 36, with each of the four sections contributing to a composite score. The average composite score usually hovers around 20 to 21.
Conversely, the SAT utilizes a scoring scale from 400 to 1600, combining the results of the Evidence-Based Reading & Writing and Mathematics sections. The average SAT score is typically around 1000.
Timing and Pace
The ACT is generally considered a faster-paced test, offering less time per question compared to the SAT. With an average of 36 seconds for each question on the ACT, students need to be adept at managing their time. In contrast, the SAT allows for about 1 minute and 20 seconds per question, providing a slightly more relaxed testing environment.
Who Should Consider Each Test?
Choosing between the ACT and SAT should depend on each student’s strengths and preferences:
ACT: Generally suits students who perform well in math and science and are comfortable with a quicker pace.
SAT: May be more advantageous for students with strong verbal and reading skills, allowing them to utilize more time per question.
Why Parents Should Sign Their Students Up for Test Prep with Educational Resources
Investing in test prep can significantly enhance a student's chances of success. Our instructors understand that test scores can impact college acceptance and scholarship opportunities for students. That’s why we provide techniques through both one-on-one tutoring and group sessions that have successfully helped countless students raise their ACT scores by an average of three points. Notably, some students have even achieved perfect scores of 36. We also take pride in having supported over 600 National Merit semi-finalists through our rigorous and tailored programs!
Our programs help students achieve their goals through:
Structured Learning: Comprehensive programs offer a planned structure that consolidates content review and adaptive practice.
Familiarity with the Format: Regular exposure to the specific format and types of questions in each test helps reduce anxiety and builds confidence.
Awareness of Updates: Programs will incorporate the latest changes and requirements for 2025, ensuring students are fully prepared for the updated formats.
Personalized Instruction: Many test prep courses offer tailored instruction based on individual strengths and weaknesses, enhancing learning efficiency.
Effective Test-Taking Strategies: Programs can provide valuable strategies for managing time, tackling difficult questions, and maximizing scores.
At Educational Resources, we are committed to equipping students with the tools and knowledge necessary to excel on the ACT or SAT. With our expert guidance and customized approach, your child can confidently tackle these pivotal exams, paving the way for their academic future. Reach out to us today to learn more about our programs!
About the Author: Lindsay O’Brien
Lindsay O'Brien is the active Executive Director of Educational Resources in Louisville, KY. Previously, she spent over 10 years as a teacher before transitioning to tutoring and standardized test preparation.